GiveBetter x USA

Remote Area Medical

Volunteer-powered mobile dental, vision and medical clinics

Research time: ~10 min on GPT-6 Astra Light + ~25 min on GPT-6 Astra Medium + ~8 min on GPT-6.1 Sol
  • Research — reviewed programs, finances and impact evidence.
  • Modeling — estimated costs, QALYs and uncertainty.
  • Source audit — checked claims, assumptions and calculations.

Updated: 2026-10-02

Donate

Summary

What do they do? Remote Area Medical organizes free dental, vision and medical clinics with volunteer clinicians, staff and local community hosts. Patients can receive basic dental treatment or eye examination and glasses, often alongside general medical services, without insurance or identification. Its Tennessee hybrid telehealth service combines an onsite nurse with a remote volunteer physician for acute care and short medication refills.

Why we’re interested in this organization:

  • Free glasses and adequately completed dental treatment can restore useful vision and relieve painful episodes.

  • Volunteer clinicians and local hosts provide an established delivery network, supported by current native service records.

  • Original audited statements and a reproducible model make national support costs, patient benefits and household burdens inspectable.

Our main reservations:

  • The approximately $530K per DALY estimate depends on judged clinical, funding-response and household assumptions, not measured RAM causal outcomes.

  • Repeat visits, paired glasses, teeth treated and overlapping medical encounters do not identify unique completed national beneficiaries.

  • Clinician and host capacity, alternative care, sustained outcomes and net patient costs remain uncertain; additional donation capacity is not verified.

What do you get for your dollar? $526K per DALY in USA. DALY is our one-year comparison unit. QALY-based health gains and income-welfare equivalents retain their original assumptions; they are not measured clinical DALYs. National support: selected clinical and household-resource pathways.

Native 2025 US-location data: 25,383 patients, 7,999 eye exams and 15,013 glasses; teeth/encounters are different units. Central $10K comparison models 8 attendances, 7.2 distinct clinical people, 0.47 additional vision corrections, 0.83 dental episodes and 0.23 acute medical episodes. Health .028388425278921235 plus resources −.00935948546284748 yields 0.02 combined equivalents.

1. What do they do?

RAM's clinic FAQ describes free basic dental treatment, eye examinations and glasses, with general medical services. Patients normally choose dental or vision on a given day. No insurance or identification is required, but first-come access can mean an overnight wait. Community hosts recruit volunteers, secure venues and arrange lodging; planning may take a year or more. RAM supplies equipment and operating systems and bears most delivery costs. Tennessee telehealth connects an on-site nurse with a volunteer physician as a bridge to continuing primary care. The current telehealth description limits care to short-term needs: no laboratory or X-ray services, no replacement for continuing primary care, and prescription costs remain the patient's responsibility.

2. Monitoring and information sharing

The official impact-map dataset places all 7,999 eye exams and 15,013 pairs of glasses reported for 2025 at clinics in 27 USA states. Its total of 32,770 patients matches the headline, but its 7,387 Philippine patients differ from the 990's 7,402, and its 225 event rows do not reconcile to the return's 436 clinics. These are not national deduplicated clinical outcomes. Local reports explicitly show patients receiving multiple services. The official impact map embeds a downloadable event dataset. Independent aggregation found 216 US rows and nine Philippine rows, no duplicate event identifiers, 25,383 US-location patients and 7,387 Philippine-location patients. All named 2025 service counts are in US rows; foreign zero fields do not establish absence of care. US venue is an approximation to residence, not patient-level proof.

The Erie host report lists 224 patients but 188 dental, 86 medical and 35 vision service-patient counts, totaling 309. Its wording about 309 individuals must not replace the lower patient count; the report explicitly notes multiple services. Neither unique event IDs nor local examples establish nationwide deduplication. Pairs do not generate separate vision streams; multiple teeth may belong to one painful episode. Screening and referrals require completed treatment before health can be credited.

The October 2026 recheck reproduces the official map totals: 225 event IDs, 216 U.S. rows and nine Philippine rows. U.S. venue counts are not proof of recipient residence or unique patients. We separately model repeated attendance, dental-or-vision base visits and possible medical overlays; these are mapping judgments rather than a measured joint cohort. Monitoring should link meaningful impairment, treatment completion, later alternatives, household identity, actual travel and lost paid earnings, and filled prescriptions. A clinic encounter is not completed long-term disease control.

3. Qualitative assessment

The selected U.S. refractive-correction trial randomized 131 older adults with meaningful correctable impairment to immediate or delayed glasses/magnifiers and found better vision-specific function at three months. We checked the primary abstract, not a full dataset. This supports a concrete mechanism but does not establish RAM's generic QALY gain, severity mix or multiyear persistence. The earlier hypothetical utility-loss study is not used as a measured treatment effect. Our 0.035 gross annual utility prior, 50% meaningful impairment, 85% completion/initial uptake and two-year clinical window are explicit judgments. Mortality, loss of useful correction and later alternative care are separate. The two-year window is accounting truncation, not proof that all functioning ends then. The historical VISIBLE falls/adaptation finding remains context; fresh access was blocked, and no broad fall-prevention benefit is credited.

For dentistry, the original root-canal/extraction cohort, read through targeted primary results and discussion, compares treated patients rather than untreated RAM alternatives. Its approximately 0.83 annual QALYs is total health, not health gained from extraction. We model one adequately treated symptomatic episode, not every tooth or filling: a judged 0.05 gross utility increment over a quarter-year, attenuated for later alternative care, with separate acute treatment harm. Cleaning and screening do not receive an automatic additional benefit. Long-run tooth loss and other dental effects remain unpriced unknowns; a higher-harm stress is retained.

The current acute medical service can bridge a short access gap, including simple illness care and short refills. Our 0.08 utility for about 29 days applies only to a judged actionable, adequately completed episode. It is not identified by a matched clinical study. Medical overlays share the patient's trip; positive overlapping health receives a 50% independence allowance while harms are charged fully. Screenings, uncompleted referrals, preventive or systemic effects and survival remain outside this finite selected-pathway model, not proven zero.

The THRIVE trial found higher self-reported income in selected Bangladesh workers receiving near-vision correction. PROSPER found a short-run tea-output effect in selected Indian workers; its primary abstract was available. Neither percentage is transported directly to RAM's mixed population. We instead use small, stated net-pay priors for a subset of genuinely additional corrected or treated households, with time, loss and overlap adjustments. Employer output, gross salaries, leisure values and ordinary earnings of newly surviving people are not household benefits.

Current audited national accounts and advertised clinics establish an operating organization and an accountable payee. They do not establish what another donation would causally unlock. The model is a conditional comparison of plausible mechanisms and costs, not an identified expected unrestricted-donation return or a funding offer.

4. What do you get for your dollar?

GiveBetter views RAM's free vision, dental and acute medical services as plausible ways to improve everyday function and relieve illness. We estimate approximately $530K per DALY, combining clinical health and signed household-resource welfare. One DALY is ten combined health/income-equivalent years; the economic part is not measured clinical QALYs.

What does the money support? At the $10,000 modeling scale, a judged $500 full national support allowance and 40% funding response imply 8 additional attendance-equivalents, 7.2 distinct clinical people, 5.76 representative households and two unsuccessful extra attempts. That is approximately $1,250 per added attendance-equivalent after the response assumption, not a quoted appointment price. Support retains administration, fundraising, foreign support, nonclinical work, depreciation and failure overhead. Volunteer clinicians and hosts remain necessary complements.

The modeled meaningful completed outputs are about 0.92 vision corrections, 1.58 symptomatic dental episodes and 0.55 actionable medical episodes. After otherwise purchased or free care, truly additional completions are about 0.47, 0.83 and 0.23 respectively. Medical may overlap other care, so these are not additive unique people. Paired glasses and multiple teeth are never counted as separate people.

Why might the services help? Improved vision can make reading and daily tasks easier. Adequately completed dental care may relieve a painful episode; medical care may resolve a short illness or medication gap. Severity, completion, utility, alternatives and persistence are judged separately rather than imported from raw service counts. Purchasers receiving equivalent care anyway receive no additional clinical relief or matching procedure harm. Extra access and failed-attempt burdens remain.

At the modeling scale, vision contributes 0.02 clinical QALYs, dentistry 0.008135, and acute medical care 0.001192; independent attendance and failed-attempt burden subtracts 0.000980. Net health is 0.03 QALYs, giving a clinical-only donor comparison of about $352K per DALY. Medical positive overlap is adjusted without erasing harms. The clinical accounting windows do not assert that all useful functioning abruptly ends at their cutoffs.

Income, savings and household costs. The Coefficient Giving reference framework compares changes in disposable household resources with healthy-year equivalents. Our $22,000 receiving-household and $50,000 volunteer-household baselines are judgments, not measured RAM mean incomes. Receiving households incur a judged $35 extra travel and $20 actual lost net paid work per visit, relative to their no-gift alternatives—not every waiting hour valued at wages. A medical overlay shares the trip. Repeated visits incur cash again but no second clinical or earnings stream; failed extra attempts cost a judged $30 per household.

Otherwise-paying care recipients avoid judged actual payments of $80 for vision, $150 for dental care or $30 for medical care. Those are not donated retail values or savings for every recipient. Sixty percent of newly unlocked actionable medical treatment households are assumed to fill an additional $15 prescription. Filled and unfilled states are distinguished before valuing simultaneous trip, purchase and prescription cash; ordinary prescriptions bought in the comparator are not new costs. The independence of joint state probabilities is itself a correlation judgment.

Newly treated vision and dental households incur $10 or $25 upkeep at year 1.5. This is a persistent net incremental cash obligation, survival-weighted even after the clinical valuation window or later alternative care; it is not a measured invoice. If upkeep only exists while treatment remains causally additional, the population rule must change. Volunteers incur a judged $25 extra actual travel cash across 0.4 volunteer households per added attendance-equivalent. Unpaid labor is not automatically free, but lost leisure is not counted as lost household earnings.

The earnings prior applies to 25% of genuinely additional vision households: $300 annual net pay for two years, beginning at year one after the gift. For dentistry, 20% receive $200 annual net pay for a quarter-year beginning at year 0.75. This lagged dental resource flow is distinct from the quarter-year clinical window, not evidence of sustained clinical relief. Common-alive exposure is attenuated for mortality, functioning loss and later alternatives. Only 25% of positive earnings welfare is retained for overlap; negative wages and direct cash losses are fully charged. Medical earnings and upkeep remain zero in this scoped comparison; unsupported nonzero overlay parameters are rejected. After-burden income denominators are not a second cash credit.

Direct resource welfare is −0.009581 equivalent years and independent earnings add +0.000222. Net resources are −0.009359, leaving 0.02 combined equivalents and an exact donor comparison of $526K per DALY. Expected undiscounted direct cash falls about $472 across the modeled cohort; common-alive net pay rises about $41 before the positive-overlap adjustment. These money amounts are not the welfare score itself.

What changed? The historical initial $133K estimate counted only vision, using the old 75% geographic share and clinical product. Correcting service location alone gave a $100K vision diagnostic; a later review left the broader central unknown. We now estimate finite selected pathways explicitly instead of treating missing local causal evidence as a reason not to make a judgment estimate. Vision assumptions were independently reconsidered: lower utility, shorter window, separate completion, repeat-person adjustment, purchaser partition, later alternatives and funding response. Dental and acute medical benefits are added, alongside signed household effects; no old welfare envelope is preserved by construction.

Uncertainty and associated resources. The favorable combined stress is about $36K, faster alternatives about $1.2M, and the adverse joint stress has negative combined benefit. These are assumption tests, not confidence intervals. Known zero capacity or no gift means zero demand even if other causal inputs are unavailable. An unavailable funding response remains unknown; its supplied placeholder is not an observed zero. Unknown clinical or dependent resource inputs remain unknown. The $25,000 software domain and 20-attendance capacity limit are not verified donation capacity or linear scaling promises.

The selected gross institutional companion adds recorded labor and host resources, with a central numerator of $13,181 and price about $693K per DALY. This is not donor cash, actual volunteer lost earnings or a net societal cost-effectiveness ratio. Volunteer household travel is not charged again in that numerator. Long-run dental, prevention, systemic and other portfolio effects remain outside the finite comparison, unknown rather than guaranteed positive.

Financial appendix. Three comparable audited expense years, 2023–25, are $12,388,388, $15,134,442 and $19,852,655: mean $15,791,828. Recorded donated labor is $3,765,180, $6,307,965 and $9,330,033. Subtracting it gives annual non-volunteer expense proxies of $8,623,208, $8,826,477 and $10,522,622, still partly noncash. The latest proxy divided by U.S.-location people is about $415 per person, not marginal cash cost. The $500 support allowance is a separate judgment. All national expenses remain charged; the $1,001 affiliate expense line is not a separately reconciled affiliate denominator. The fresh original audit and inherited tax reconciliation are distinguished in Sources.

Model, assumptions and sensitivity

Ordinary national donor support, all non-volunteer functions and foreign support retained. Full donor numerator prices finite selected clinical/resource paths, not identified whole-portfolio return. Gross institutional resources are separate; household cash losses stay in welfare.

g=.98 applies once to health and each signed receiving/volunteer resource flow. US-location service counts are not measured residence; all national expenses retained. No global patient share applied to vision-only output.

N=min(G*b/c,capacity); distinct=N*uniqueShare; base vision/dental/medical visitors partition distinct people, medical overlay overlaps vision/dental. Meaningful completed and additional cohorts separately apply severity, completion, purchaser and unmet fractions. Clinical integrates discounted gross utility with mortality/loss/alternative care and subtracts incremental harms. Joint household care/Rx states net simultaneous cash before signed logarithmic welfare; timed upkeep/earnings use separate flows. Combined=health+resources; positive known donor price=10*G/combined.

G
10000 USD normalization (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
c
500 USD full support per attendance (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
b
0.4 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
capacity
20 parameter units described in report (judgment). Fixed conditional comparison limit, not verified available slots. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
uniqueShare
0.9 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
householdsPerUniquePerson
0.8 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
failedPerAttendance
0.25 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
clinicDelay
0.5 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
visionAdaptation
0.08 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
d
0.03 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
m
0.01 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
g
0.98 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
medicalOverlay
0.15 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
medicalOverlapIndependent
0.5 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
attemptHarm
0.0001 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
visitTravel
35 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
visitLostNetPay
20 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
failedCash
30 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
baseline
22000 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
incomeIndependent
0.25 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance
0.4 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
volunteerCash
25 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
volunteerBaseline
50000 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
recordedLaborPerAttendance
367.57 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
localInstitutionalPerAttendance
30 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input. [ram-faq] [ram-audit25] [ram-income-method]
fundingKnown
true component-known flag (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input.
cashKnown
true component-known flag (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input.
earningsKnown
true component-known flag (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input.
grossKnown
true component-known flag (judgment). Explicit marginal/household/scope prior or discount convention; not observed causal input.
vision.share
0.3 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.f
0.5 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.completion
0.85 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.purchase
0.15 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.s
0.6 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.u
0.035 gross utility/year (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.T
2 years (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.loss
0.15 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.catchup
0.3 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.h
0.0002 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.avoid
80 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.worker
0.25 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.gain
300 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.earnYears
2 years (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.earnOffset
0.5 years (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.upkeep
10 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.rxFraction
0 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.rxCash
0 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
vision.known
true parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [vision-rct]
dental.share
0.45 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.f
0.65 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.completion
0.75 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.purchase
0.05 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.s
0.55 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.u
0.05 gross utility/year (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.T
0.25 years (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.loss
0 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.catchup
1 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.h
0.0008 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.avoid
150 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.worker
0.2 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.gain
200 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.earnYears
0.25 years (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.earnOffset
0.25 years (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.upkeep
25 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.rxFraction
0 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.rxCash
0 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
dental.known
true parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [dental-cohort]
medical.share
0.25 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.f
0.3 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.completion
0.7 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.purchase
0.15 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.s
0.5 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.u
0.08 gross utility/year (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.T
0.08 years (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.loss
0 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.catchup
0 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.h
0.0001 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.avoid
30 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.worker
0 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.gain
0 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.earnYears
0 years (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.earnOffset
0.5 years (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.upkeep
0 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.rxFraction
0.6 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.rxCash
15 parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]
medical.known
true parameter units described in report (judgment). Explicit scoped clinical/counterfactual/resource prior; not a measured RAM marginal coefficient. [telehealth]

Reconsidered clinical and signed household-resource estimate: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.03; all-population health QALYs: 0.03. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

favorable: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.29; all-population health QALYs: 0.29. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":350,"b":0.7,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":20,"visitLostNetPay":0,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.75,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.06,"T":3,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.1,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.75,"u":0.08,"T":0.5,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

pessimistic: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.00; all-population health QALYs: 0.00. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":750,"b":0.2,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":60,"visitLostNetPay":50,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.3,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.005,"T":1,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.01,"T":0.05,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.003,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

zeroFunding: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.00; all-population health QALYs: 0.00. Income-equivalent healthy years: 0.00. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

zeroCapacity: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.00; all-population health QALYs: 0.00. Income-equivalent healthy years: 0.00. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":0,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

zeroGift: Cost: $0; USA health QALYs: 0.00; all-population health QALYs: 0.00. Income-equivalent healthy years: 0.00. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":0,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

clinicalNull: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.00; all-population health QALYs: 0.00. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

dentalHarm: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.02; all-population health QALYs: 0.02. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.01,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

medicalNull: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.03; all-population health QALYs: 0.03. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

resourceUnknown: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.03; all-population health QALYs: 0.03. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":false,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

fundingUnknown: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: unknown; all-population health QALYs: unknown. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":false,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

visionUnknown: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: unknown; all-population health QALYs: unknown. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":false},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

dentalUnknown: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: unknown; all-population health QALYs: unknown. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":false},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

medicalUnknown: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: unknown; all-population health QALYs: unknown. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":false}}

negativeEarnings: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.03; all-population health QALYs: 0.03. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":-1000,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":-200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

noEarnings: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.03; all-population health QALYs: 0.03. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":0,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":0,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

fullOverlap: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.03; all-population health QALYs: 0.03. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

fullIndependence: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.03; all-population health QALYs: 0.03. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":1,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

equivalentPurchasedCare: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.00; all-population health QALYs: 0.00. Income-equivalent healthy years: 0.00. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":1,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":1,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":1,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

sameFreeCare: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.00; all-population health QALYs: 0.00. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

noClinicalAndNoCash: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.00; all-population health QALYs: 0.00. Income-equivalent healthy years: 0.00. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0,"visitTravel":0,"visitLostNetPay":0,"failedCash":0,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":0,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0,"s":0.6,"u":0,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":0,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0,"s":0.55,"u":0,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":0,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0,"s":0.5,"u":0,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":0,"known":true}}

noCompletion: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.00; all-population health QALYs: 0.00. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

failedBurden: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.01; all-population health QALYs: 0.01. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.02. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":1,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":80,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

fastAlternatives: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.02; all-population health QALYs: 0.02. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":true,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":1,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":4,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

grossUnknown: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.03; all-population health QALYs: 0.03. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.01. Explicit finite judgment scenario, not observed marginal coefficients or confidence bounds. {"G":10000,"c":500,"b":0.4,"capacity":20,"uniqueShare":0.9,"householdsPerUniquePerson":0.8,"failedPerAttendance":0.25,"clinicDelay":0.5,"visionAdaptation":0.08,"d":0.03,"m":0.01,"g":0.98,"medicalOverlay":0.15,"medicalOverlapIndependent":0.5,"attemptHarm":0.0001,"visitTravel":35,"visitLostNetPay":20,"failedCash":30,"baseline":22000,"incomeIndependent":0.25,"volunteerHouseholdsPerAttendance":0.4,"volunteerCash":25,"volunteerBaseline":50000,"recordedLaborPerAttendance":367.57,"localInstitutionalPerAttendance":30,"fundingKnown":true,"cashKnown":true,"earningsKnown":true,"grossKnown":false,"vision":{"share":0.3,"f":0.5,"completion":0.85,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.6,"u":0.035,"T":2,"loss":0.15,"catchup":0.3,"h":0.0002,"avoid":80,"worker":0.25,"gain":300,"earnYears":2,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":10,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"dental":{"share":0.45,"f":0.65,"completion":0.75,"purchase":0.05,"s":0.55,"u":0.05,"T":0.25,"loss":0,"catchup":1,"h":0.0008,"avoid":150,"worker":0.2,"gain":200,"earnYears":0.25,"earnOffset":0.25,"upkeep":25,"rxFraction":0,"rxCash":0,"known":true},"medical":{"share":0.25,"f":0.3,"completion":0.7,"purchase":0.15,"s":0.5,"u":0.08,"T":0.08,"loss":0,"catchup":0,"h":0.0001,"avoid":30,"worker":0,"gain":0,"earnYears":0,"earnOffset":0.5,"upkeep":0,"rxFraction":0.6,"rxCash":15,"known":true}}

Historical initial clinical-only diagnostic, not current estimate: Cost: $10K; USA health QALYs: 0.08; all-population health QALYs: 0.10. Old g=.75; other alpha assumptions retained; vision only. Conditional diagnostic, not a whole-recipient central estimate.

Counterfactual: Committed existing funding, clinicians, hosts, paid/free alternatives and subsequent access remain without the gift. Otherwise purchasers and equivalent free care have no incremental matched treatment benefit/harm; extra access attempts can still incur harm and cash. Screening/referral is not automatic completed care.

Attribution: One extra attendance is not a deduplicated person, household or treatment. DentalORvision base pathways are disjoint on one modeled visit, medical overlays share trip; repeated attendance carries no extra clinical/earnings stream. Positive earnings overlap is separate; all losses fully debit. Common-alive earnings are not survival-created income.

All causal throughput, utility, completion, visitor/counterfactual/household mapping, residence, net cash and earnings priors are judgments. T is a clinical accounting window, not abrupt end of all functioning. Upkeep is persistent net incremental care-induced cash after later alternatives; its assumed incidence is not observed. Known capacity0 overrides funding unknown; supplied b is unavailable when fundingKnown false. Nonzero medical wages/upkeep unsupported until overlay paths are implemented. Unpriced branches remain unknown; fixed limits are not donation room.

Sensitivity

  • favorable: $36K per DALY. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • pessimistic: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • zeroFunding: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • zeroCapacity: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • zeroGift: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • clinicalNull: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • dentalHarm: $855K per DALY. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • medicalNull: $561K per DALY. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • resourceUnknown: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • fundingUnknown: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • visionUnknown: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • dentalUnknown: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • medicalUnknown: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • negativeEarnings: $624K per DALY. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • noEarnings: $532K per DALY. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • fullOverlap: $532K per DALY. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • fullIndependence: $508K per DALY. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • equivalentPurchasedCare: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • sameFreeCare: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • noClinicalAndNoCash: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • noCompletion: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • failedBurden: no finite positive estimate. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • fastAlternatives: $1.2M per DALY. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.
  • grossUnknown: $526K per DALY. Finite judged diagnostic, not a confidence interval; negative and unknown outcomes are distinct.

Unresolved inputs

  • Current gift-sensitive clinician/host slots, funding backlog and replacement funding.
  • Deduplicated resident people/households and meaningful completed treatment with joint encounter identities.
  • Generic utility, persistence, delayed alternatives, dental complications and long-run tooth-loss effects.
  • Actual net travel/paid-work/Rx/upkeep and household resource/income distributions.
  • Full net resource and long-run preventive/systemic/portfolio effects; no automatic screening/survival bonus.

Health and income breakdown

For the modeled $10K: 0.03 health QALYs + -0.01 income-equivalent healthy years in USA: $526K per DALY. Income equivalents are welfare comparisons, not observed QALYs or DALYs.

Method and caveats.

5. Funding and previous grants

The FY2025 audit reports $19,852,655 total expenses, including $9,330,033 donated labor, versus $15,134,442 in 2024. The prior September review of Schedule D reconciles $10,349,704 tax functional expense plus $172,918 rental expenses and donated labor to the audited total. Thus $10,522,622 is a non-volunteer expense proxy, still including depreciation and some in-kind supplies, not cash flow. General contributions fell from $9.12 million to $7.43 million and operating cash flow was −$1.46 million. Yet $6.91 million of financial assets remained available within a year. RAM acquired two headquarters buildings, spent $7.12 million on property/equipment and took a $2.5 million interest-only loan due December 2027, collateralized by a CD. Asset-sale gains and temporary rent are not repeatable clinic funding. These facts suggest possible funding need but do not establish extra clinician slots or a funding-contingent clinic backlog.

The current hosting process and FAQ show concrete local-host and clinician constraints. No current funded tranche with confirmed extra appointments, clinical completion or a demonstrated unrestricted-funding response was found. A deficit or capital expansion alone does not establish incremental patient care. Patient alternatives include delayed paid or insurance-funded care, community clinics, dental schools and other charities; access barriers do not quantify their timing or availability.

The October source check targeted original 2025 audit statements and notes, plus the 2024 audit with 2023 comparison. Freshly hashing the scanned 2025 return did not yield readable targeted text; the tax functional-expense/rental/donated-labor bridge remains inherited, not a newly OCR-reviewed Schedule D. Current audit revenue is $18,844,882, net assets $19,060,569, cash $4,154,868, restricted net assets $157,648 and debt $2,500,000. The older operating-cash and available-financial-assets figures above remain dated prior audit findings. Asset-sale gains, capital expansion, volunteer retail valuations and annual deficits do not prove current gift-sensitive clinician slots or a funding offer.

Annual expenses

Organization-level spending, including programs, administration and fundraising. The research list averages three comparable, consecutive full fiscal years when available.

  • FY 2023: $12.4M; Remote Area Medical (EIN58-1647546), 12-month period, Audited accrual total expense including recognized donated services and direct rental/event costs. Source
  • FY 2024: $15.1M; Remote Area Medical (EIN58-1647546), 12-month period, Audited accrual total expense including recognized donated services and direct rental/event costs. Source
  • FY 2025: $19.9M; Remote Area Medical (EIN58-1647546), 12-month period, Audited accrual total expense including recognized donated services and direct rental/event costs. Source

6. Sources

  1. FY2025 audited financial statements; auditor report dated July 26, 2026. Remote Area Medical / Pugh & Company. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-02.
  2. FY2024 audited financial statements, with 2023 comparative. Remote Area Medical / Pugh & Company. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-02.
  3. FY2025 original Form 990, Part III and Schedule D reconciliation. Remote Area Medical / IRS. Published: 2026-08-18; retrieved: 2026-10-02.
  4. RAM by the Numbers: Our Impact in 2025. Remote Area Medical. Published: 2026-02-04; retrieved: 2026-10-02.
  5. Current clinic access and volunteer capacity FAQ. Remote Area Medical. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-02.
  6. Community hosting: responsibilities, costs and planning time. Remote Area Medical. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-02.
  7. Current mobile clinics and Tennessee telehealth. Remote Area Medical. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-09-29.
  8. Donation illustrations for vision, telehealth and dental care. Remote Area Medical. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-09-29.
  9. Free eye exams and eyeglasses: current program description. Remote Area Medical. Published: 2026-05-08; retrieved: 2026-09-29.
  10. Randomized immediate versus delayed refractive correction in older US adults. Coleman et al., Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-09-29.
  11. Utility and uncorrected refractive error. Tahhan et al., Ophthalmology / Johns Hopkins University. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-09-29.
  12. VISIBLE randomized trial: glasses, falls and adverse effects. Haran et al., BMJ. Published: 2010-05-25; retrieved: 2026-09-29.
  13. FY2024 Form 990. Remote Area Medical. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-09-29.
  14. FY2023 Form 990. Remote Area Medical. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-09-29.
  15. Official impact map embedding the public dataset. Remote Area Medical. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-09-29.
  16. Official embedded event/service map data. Remote Area Medical. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-02.
  17. 2025 Erie host impact report. BUILD / Erie clinic host. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-09-29.
  18. Current hybrid telehealth scope and constraints. Remote Area Medical. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-02.
  19. Wigsten et al. 2023 root canal versus extraction cost-utility cohort. Wigsten et al., Clinical and Experimental Dental Research. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-02.
  20. THRIVE randomized trial: selected Bangladesh presbyopic workers and self-reported income. Sehrin et al., PLOS ONE. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-02.
  21. PROSPER trial: occupational tea-output effect, primary abstract only. Reddy et al., Lancet Global Health. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-02.
  22. Health and income cost-effectiveness reference. Coefficient Giving. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-09-30.