GiveBetter x Houston

The Rose

Breast diagnosis and treatment navigation

Research time: ~6 min on GPT-6.1 Sol
  • Research — reviewed programs, finances and impact evidence.
  • Modeling — estimated costs, QALYs and uncertainty.
  • Source audit — checked claims, assumptions and calculations.

Updated: 2026-10-06

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Summary

What do they do? The Rose provides breast screening and diagnostic care through Houston-area centers and mobile units. Its patient navigators help uninsured patients arrange cancer treatment and practical support. Sponsored care, translation, transport and childcare assistance seek to reduce barriers from diagnosis through recovery.

Why we’re interested in this organization:

  • Original return distinguishes unduplicated uninsured people and insured versus uninsured treatment navigations.

  • Primary controlled navigation evidence gives both positive and null alternative-provider regimes.

  • Current BCCS, transport and childcare mechanisms connect care access to signed household resources.

Our main reservations:

  • The conditional price combines full annual recipient cost with only a limited modeled uninsured channel.

  • Small positive health-plus-income denominator is sensitive to unmeasured utility, burden and partner cost.

  • Navigation counts and faster resolution are not proven stage-shift, survival or QALY gains.

What do you get for your dollar? $23.8M per DALY in Houston. DALY is our one-year comparison unit. QALY-based health gains and income-welfare equivalents retain their original assumptions; they are not measured clinical DALYs. Conditional annual whole-recipient cost divided by a limited modeled local channel; not a verified marginal gift offer or complete portfolio EV.

Additional timely appropriate treatment/access, after false-positive and overdiagnosis harms; current187 nav includes177uninsured and10insured in original return, not187new uninsured lives saved.

1. What do they do?

The Rose provides breast screening and diagnostic care through Houston-area centers and mobile units. Its patient navigators help uninsured patients arrange cancer treatment and practical support. Sponsored care, translation, transport and childcare assistance seek to reduce barriers from diagnosis through recovery.

2. Monitoring and information sharing

Original FY 2025 return reports 8,571 individual unduplicated uninsured women and 187 patients navigated into treatment:177 uninsured and 10 insured. The visually checked FY 2025 annual report page 22 instead lists 178 uninsured cancers and 588 support patients, versus original return 177 uninsured cancers and 812 support; definitions differ and are not combined. Neither source establishes completed appropriate treatment, unique households or causal stage improvement. Repeated interactions, screening exams, biopsies and insured/mobile services are not added as disjoint beneficiaries. Mobile residence spans 62 counties; .8 Houstonshare is a retained judgment, not measured MSA residence. Request unique local household histories, usual-provider access, time-to-treatment, completed treatment, stage-specific clinical outcomes, false-positive/overdiagnosis effects, and net patient/caregiver cash/time burdens.

3. Qualitative assessment

Original DenverRCT randomized 993 abnormal screens (628 breast) and found diagnostic-resolution effects varied by abnormality, with no significant breastBIRADS 4/5 improvement. Original LosAngelesRCT 1,708 women found no six-month overall resolution improvement (55% versus 56%). Original multisite PNRP showed no first 90 daybenefit and later 91–365 day improvements in resolution/treatment initiation, especially where usual care delayed; it does not measure local survival, utility orQALYs. These support positive and strong-alternative/null regimes, not empirical .25/.3 multipliers. Original 2024 CISNET screening decision analysis includes false positives, benign biopsies and overdiagnosis alongside lifetime screening benefits; serial screening against no screening cannot calibrate one annual local navigation cohort. No diagnosis count, apparent survival from earlier detection or time-to-treatment hazard ratio is directly converted into lives saved. The finite .2 utility/two-year trajectory remains judgment and its null/weak/strong sensitivities are visible.

4. What do you get for your dollar?

Initial $4.2M per DALY (health 4.008925 plus signed income−.204127) is preserved exactly. Full exposure burdens alone, keeping 187 clinical subgroup, give $17.9M. Mapping to observed 177 uninsured navigations gives current $23.8M: health 3.300950 plus signed income−2.630090 =0.67 healthy-year equivalents. This is not evidence the whole portfolio became 5.7 times worse; it corrects exposure accounting and a subgroup boundary in a deliberately partial conditional reference. Full cost $15,986,247 includes insured imaging and other activities whose benefits are not estimated here. All-program recognized-cost sensitivity is $13,174,486 but remains broader than the modeled channel. A judged uninsured-patient-share allocation ($13,174,486*8,571/41,186) yields $4.1M; this is not observed navigation cost, full resource cost or an eligible marginal offer. .95 individual-to-consumption mapping and .8 local share are judgments. Full exposure 8,142.45 proxies each retain $20 incremental access/time cost and .0001 one-off harm independent of b; judged changed union 2,035.6125, resource-success 203.56125, clinical trajectory 12.61125 are subsets not added cohorts. Only positive medical/work/practical aid receives .5 overlap reduction; negative amounts remain full and all recipient household amounts enter one log at $20,000 baseline. Net practical support$300 excludes displaced charity/family aid, benefit withdrawals and taxes; medical and caregiver earnings zero are unknown-neutral, not measured zero. No retail charity bill, gross salary or full lifetime survivor wages are income. External BCCS/partner treatment resources and aid transfers have distinct payer/provider incidence, localized once; $5,000 per incremental clinical trajectory stress is explicit judgment, not measured cost. Clinical-null, financial-only, failed-benefit b 0 with full negatives, actual no-exposure, adverse, weak-alternative, low/high burdens and payer loss cases remain separate. Whole portfolio EV and donor-funded additional capacity remain unknown.

Model, assumptions and sensitivity

Full annual recipient expense against limited uninsured navigation/access hypothesis; all insured screening, other medical and education benefits unknown, not zero. Not whole portfolio EV or marginal gift.

Original uninsured women and navigation counts span recipient Southeast Texas services; mobile residence62counties. Houston .8 share is retained judgment, not observed MSA residence; .5 sensitivity.

Exposed=N*unique; benefit union=N*unique*b. Clinical=clinicalN*unique*b*clinicalResponse*q*discounted finite years minus all exposed harms; geography once. Resources are joint household logs, positive-only overlap, full exposed costs; distinct payer treatment/transfer costs localized once. Headline=10*C/(health+signed resource equivalents).

C
15986247 USD annual recognized resources (observed). Recognized annual recipient expense plus netted direct event expense [services] [finance]
N
8571 annual reference service opportunities (observed). OriginalFY2025 return explicitly8,571 individual unduplicated uninsured women, notverifieduniquehouseholds. [services] [finance]
unique
0.95 households per patient proxy (judgment). Distinct household mapping prior, not clinical efficacy. [services] [finance]
b
0.25 incremental annual response share (judgment). Additional annual implementation versus public/insurance/provider alternatives, not an additional marginal-gift haircut. [services] [finance]
q
0.20 QALY per person-year (judgment). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
T
2 finite clinical years (judgment). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
g
0.8 Houston MSA share (judgment). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
delay
0.25 years (judgment). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
discount
0.03 annual discount rate (judgment). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
success
0.1 additional resource success share (judgment). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
medicalGain
0 USD annual otherwise-paid care avoided (unknown). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
workGain
0 USD annual net disposable work resources (unknown). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
transferGain
300 USD annual net additional practical-support resources (judgment). Judged $300 net aid/travel/childcare resources after alternatives, taxes and benefit offsets; transfer payer losses tested separately; not gross medical retail charity. [services] [finance]
overlap
0.5 independent positive benefit share (judgment). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
cost
20 USD one-time incremental household burden (judgment). Judged $20 incremental travel/process/opportunity cost for every exposed consumption proxy, even unsuccessful care; $5/$50 sensitivities, not retail service charge. [services] [finance]
baseline
20000 USD annual household consumption (judgment). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
harm
0.00 QALY loss per exposed person (judgment). Judged one-off exposure harm .0001 for every uninsured consumption proxy, not response-scaled or empirical overdiagnosis coefficient. [services] [finance]
payerLoss
0 USD loss per resource success (unknown). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
payerPeople
100 distinct payer households (judgment). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
payerBaseline
50000 USD annual payer household consumption (judgment). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
externalCost
0 USD external loss per exposed household (unknown). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
resourceYears
1 fraction of one-year gains realized (judgment). Explicit finite local hypothesis, not an empirical recipient coefficient. [services] [finance]
clinicalN
177 annual reference clinical subgroup opportunities (observed). Original FY2025 return explicitly distinguishes 177 uninsured of187 navigations; distinct completed treatment and household mapping remain uncertain. [impact] [services]
clinicalResponse
0.3 incremental clinically beneficial share (judgment). Explicit unsupported local treatment/safety response, not recipient empirical efficacy. [impact] [services]
treatmentCost
0 USD incremental external treatment resource cost per changed clinical trajectory (unknown). BCCS/partner resources are outside recipient cost; unknown-neutral central, $5,000 opportunity-cost stress. Not retail bill or observed zero. [services] [finance] [pnrp]

central: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.63. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

historical alpha central: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 4.01; all-population health QALYs: 5.01. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.20. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

burden accounting only: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.52; all-population health QALYs: 4.40. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.63. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

no exposure: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 0.00; all-population health QALYs: 0.00. Income-equivalent healthy years: 0.00. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

no gift no exposure: Cost: $0; Houston health QALYs: 0.00; all-population health QALYs: 0.00. Income-equivalent healthy years: 0.00. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

lower access burden: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.20. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

high access burden: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -7.49. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

strong alternative: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: -0.12; all-population health QALYs: -0.15. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.99. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

higher treatment benefit: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 12.51; all-population health QALYs: 15.64. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.63. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

uninsured program share cost hypothesis: Cost: $2.7M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.63. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

recognized all program cost: Cost: $13.2M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.63. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

partner treatment resource cost: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -3.13. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

household mapping: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 2.78; all-population health QALYs: 3.47. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.21. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

clinical null: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: -0.65; all-population health QALYs: -0.81. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.63. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

financial only: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 0.00; all-population health QALYs: 0.00. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.63. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

current cost unknown: Cost: unknown; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.63. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

full unknown: Cost: unknown; Houston health QALYs: unknown; all-population health QALYs: unknown. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

zero expansion: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: -0.65; all-population health QALYs: -0.81. Income-equivalent healthy years: -3.23. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

true zero: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 0.00; all-population health QALYs: 0.00. Income-equivalent healthy years: 0.00. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

adverse: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: -32.92; all-population health QALYs: -41.15. Income-equivalent healthy years: -5.08. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

positive net work: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -1.63. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

no resource success: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -3.23. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

no gains: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -3.23. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

negative resource overlap zero: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -4.46. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

negative resource overlap one: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -4.46. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

mixed sign: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -3.23. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

payer loss 300: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -3.12. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

external provider cost: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -9.56. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

annual full response: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 15.14; all-population health QALYs: 18.93. Income-equivalent healthy years: -0.82. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

half geography: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 2.06; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -1.64. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

all unique: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.47; all-population health QALYs: 4.34. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.77. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

zero resource duration: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -3.23. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

two year health: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.63. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

alternative annual cost: Cost: $20.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.63. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

weak clinical: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: -0.58; all-population health QALYs: -0.73. Income-equivalent healthy years: -2.63. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

full transfer incidence: Cost: $16.0M; Houston health QALYs: 3.30; all-population health QALYs: 4.13. Income-equivalent healthy years: -3.12. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

Counterfactual: Existing insurance, BCCS, Harris Health, other screening/navigation providers and family support retained

Attribution: The .25 additional response and .3 clinical-benefit response are explicit hypotheses against public/partner alternatives; original trials support variable navigation mechanisms, not local coefficients. No HR-to-QALY or diagnosis-to-survival shortcut.

Current cohort mapping improved from original return; utility, response, resources, public treatment opportunity costs, localshare and gift capacity remain unmeasured. Small positive conditional denominator is sensitive and not empirical portfolio EV.

Sensitivity

  • historical alpha central: $4.2M per DALY. Exact original full signed health/resource diagnostic.
  • burden accounting only: $17.9M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • no exposure: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • no gift no exposure: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • lower access burden: $5.2M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • high access burden: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • strong alternative: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • higher treatment benefit: $1.6M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • uninsured program share cost hypothesis: $4.1M per DALY. Judged allocation of recognized total program expense by uninsured patient count share; not observed marginal or navigation cost.
  • recognized all program cost: $19.6M per DALY. All program recognized expense includes insured care and other activities; still not a navigation-matched numerator or full resources.
  • partner treatment resource cost: $95.4M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • household mapping: $28.3M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • clinical null: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • financial only: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • current cost unknown: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • full unknown: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • zero expansion: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • true zero: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • adverse: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • positive net work: $9.6M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • no resource success: $241.0M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • no gains: $241.0M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • negative resource overlap zero: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • negative resource overlap one: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • mixed sign: $241.0M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • payer loss 300: $87.1M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • external provider cost: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • annual full response: $1.1M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • half geography: $38.1M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • all unique: $22.6M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • zero resource duration: $241.0M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • two year health: $23.8M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • alternative annual cost: $29.8M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • weak clinical: no finite positive estimate. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.
  • full transfer incidence: $87.1M per DALY. Conditional finite annual channel; full portfolio, current cost and marginal gift unknown.

Unresolved inputs

  • Unique households and completed appropriate treatment versus alternatives
  • Local causal utility, delay and finite duration; false-positive/overdiagnosis harms
  • Patient net travel/time/copay/benefit resources and distinct treatment/payer costs
  • Actual uninsured/navigation program resource allocation and additional donor capacity

Health and income breakdown

For the modeled $16.0M: 3.30 health QALYs + -2.63 income-equivalent healthy years in Houston: $23.8M per DALY. Income equivalents are welfare comparisons, not observed QALYs or DALYs.

Method and caveats.

5. Funding and previous grants

FY 2025 original expense $15,866,042 plus $120,205 netted event cost gives $15,986,247. FY 2024 $16,471,873 plus $96,459 gives $16,568,332. FY 2023 $15,265,960 plus $81,601 gives $15,347,561. Expense-side Schedule D removed expenses are zero in these returns; no populated rental-expense addback recovered. Partner treatment and unrecognized volunteers remain unknown. Paid clinical revenue, BCCS and CPRIT grants are baseline funding, not proof of gift-driven expansion. Original return all-program expense $13,174,486 includes insured and uninsured medical work; no observed uninsured navigation budget allocation is established. Public and partner treatment opportunity costs are outside the recipient budget and central zero is unknown-neutral. Insured program revenue subsidizes care but does not prove donation responsiveness.

Annual expenses

Organization-level spending, including programs, administration and fundraising. The research list averages three comparable, consecutive full fiscal years when available.

  • FY 2023: $15.3M; org:the-rose, 12-month period, Recognized annual recipient expense plus netted direct event expense. Source
  • FY 2024: $16.6M; org:the-rose, 12-month period, Recognized annual recipient expense plus netted direct event expense. Source
  • FY 2025: $16.0M; org:the-rose, 12-month period, Recognized annual recipient expense plus netted direct event expense. Source

6. Sources

  1. Current patient navigation and BCCS treatment access. The Rose. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-06.
  2. Original FY2025 annual report, pages 21–22. The Rose. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-06.
  3. Original FY2025 Form 990. IRS. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-06.
  4. Original FY2024 Form 990. IRS. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-06.
  5. Original FY2023 Form 990. IRS. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-06.
  6. Current recipient-owned donation route. The Rose. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-06.
  7. Coefficient Giving income welfare conversion. Coefficient Giving. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-06.
  8. Original randomized diagnostic-resolution trial (abstract). Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-06.
  9. Original Los Angeles diagnostic-resolution randomized trial (abstract). Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-06.
  10. Original multisite controlled patient navigation study (abstract). Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-06.
  11. Original CISNET lifetime breast-screening decision analysis. JAMA. Published: not stated; retrieved: 2026-10-06.