{"edition":"denver","organization":"Harm Reduction Action Center","organizationId":"org:harm-reduction-action-center","boundaryVersion":"OMB-23-01-2023-07-21","updated":"2026-10-18","display":{"metric":{"id":"daly-equivalent","years":1,"label":"DALY","priceLabel":"$ / DALY"},"priceUSD":36361.34119291995,"canonicalPriceUSDPerTenEquivalentYears":363613.41192919953,"conversion":"display only; QALYs and income equivalents are not measured clinical DALYs"},"listDisplay":{"metric":{"id":"daly-equivalent","years":1,"label":"DALY","priceLabel":"$ / DALY"},"priceUSD":36361.34119291995,"canonicalPriceUSDPerTenEquivalentYears":363613.41192919953,"conversion":"display only; QALYs and income equivalents are not measured clinical DALYs"},"model":{"version":"denver-hrac-beta-20261006","costScope":"FY2024 HRAC whole sponsored-project accounting expense is $2,017,429, including $266,735 intercompany support, recorded in-kind program resources, personal assistance and event costs. The audited combining schedule supplies project-specific detail. No additional sponsor gross-up or current fee is added. This is observed accounting cost, not a verified complete economic opportunity-cost denominator. Medical in-kind wholesale valuation, unrecorded volunteer work and external partner inputs retain uncertainty. FY2025 project expense is $1,884,959 and is used only as cost sensitivity because matched 2025 reach is unverified.","geographicAttribution":"HRAC explicitly serves Denver people who inject drugs, with Denver fixed/mobile services. g=.95 is a judged recipient residence share within OMB-23-01 Denver-Aurora-Centennial MSA, not a measured address distribution. Boulder, Greeley and Colorado Springs are excluded from the local numerator.","formula":"Clinical=(N*k*p*netReduction*L_effective - N*harm*discount(delay))*g; resources=sum .5*households*log(after/before)*discount*localShare; price10=10*C/(clinical+signed resources).","counterfactual":"Public naloxone, other syringe programs, EMS and otherwise-paid household consumption. Annual program efficacy is separate from marginal-gift funding; current supply capacity unverified.","attribution":"Walley’s original ecological interrupted time-series of 19 Massachusetts communities found lower overdose mortality with community overdose education and naloxone distribution, but does not identify HRAC-specific causal efficacy. Doe-Simkins found no overall change in heroin-use frequency in 325 repeat respondents, not proof of zero harm. The retained 10% incremental mortality reduction remains judgment beyond public supply and alternative services. The alpha model additionally multiplied by .4 marginal-gift funding additionality despite using full annual cost; that extra donor factor is removed for the annual-work reference. Its ten already-discounted healthy years are retained without discounting them twice. Explicit timing reinterpretations and strong public-alternative cases show uncertainty, not confidence intervals.","uncertainty":"All causal, survival, resource-conversion and residence coefficients are judgments. Source-anchored cost/service envelopes do not establish calibrated EV. Null, negative, unknown, counterparty and cost-scope scenarios are explicit.","nativeOutcomes":"Original council presentation p29 describes over 4,000 individuals annually. N=4,000 is a rounded annual service proxy, not an audited matched cohort or measured annual opioid-risk population. Original PDF retrieval succeeded. Monthly 797-client and convenience-sample survey observations are not annualized. 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