[
  {
    "id": "rome-01-territorial-scale",
    "page": "rome",
    "insight": 1,
    "claim": "At its height, Rome governed territory across Europe, North Africa, and western Asia and remained a Mediterranean-scale state through repeated political reorganizations.",
    "status": "working_synthesis",
    "evidence_type": "historical_reconstruction",
    "dataset_ids": ["rome-territorial-boundaries", "natural-earth-basemap"],
    "source_keys": ["CLIOPATRIA"],
    "note": "The map supports continental reach and political-form chronology without asserting an unsupported cross-empire area ranking."
  },
  {
    "id": "rome-02-military-capacity",
    "page": "rome",
    "insight": 2,
    "claim": "Rome's military advantage combined unusually deep mobilization with a comparatively metal-intensive heavy-infantry system.",
    "status": "modeled_argument",
    "evidence_type": "historical_model",
    "dataset_ids": ["rome-military-capacity", "rival-campaign-forces", "republican-equipment-index"],
    "source_keys": ["POLYBIUS2_24", "LIVY25_LEGIONS", "TACITUS4_5", "CAMPBELL1994", "HASSALL2000", "MACMULLEN1980", "ELTON1996", "TREADGOLD1995", "NOTITIA", "KALDELLIS_KRUSE2023", "RANCE2024", "ACOU_SOCII", "ACOU_MAIL", "ACOU_METAL", "ACOU_PILUM", "ACOU_GLADIUS"],
    "note": "Roman points are limited to an ancient reported deployment, an explicit Republican unit model, and published modern estimates. Short lines connect only definition-consistent segments; gaps are not interpolated. The lone post-395 marker is explicitly eastern and its date reflects a live dispute over the Notitia Dignitatum. Rival points remain particular campaign forces. The equipment comparison is a third–second-century BCE relative index; the public evidence does not support absolute kilograms or tonnes across the full timeline."
  },
  {
    "id": "rome-03-fiscal-machine",
    "page": "rome",
    "insight": 3,
    "claim": "Rome financed a permanent military system through heterogeneous provincial and citizen levies, and the army absorbed roughly three quarters of reconstructed central imperial expenditure around 150 and 215 CE.",
    "status": "modeled_argument",
    "evidence_type": "historical_model_and_source_observations",
    "dataset_ids": ["roman-imperial-budget", "roman-fiscal-observations"],
    "source_keys": ["ACOU_PROVINCES", "ACOU_BREAD_CIRCUSES", "ACOU_GRACCHI2", "CICERO_VERRES3", "RES_GESTAE17", "DIO55_25", "TACITUS1_17", "TACITUS1_78", "SPEIDEL1992", "OXFORD_TAX_PRINCIPATE", "OXFORD_PORTORIA", "DUNCAN_JONES1994", "MATTINGLY2011"],
    "note": "The budget shares are modern reconstructions, not surviving imperial accounts. Fiscal rates apply to distinct bases and jurisdictions and are not added into one Roman tax rate. Nominal pay and budget figures are not treated as a real-value time series."
  },
  {
    "id": "rome-04-western-collapse",
    "page": "rome",
    "insight": 4,
    "claim": "The western court lost taxable territory while civil wars and external threats kept demanding armies; the seizure of the richest African provinces made recovery much harder, while the Roman state continued in the East.",
    "status": "modeled_argument",
    "evidence_type": "historical_chronology_and_published_model",
    "dataset_ids": ["western-roman-collapse-events", "africa-fiscal-equivalents"],
    "source_keys": ["HEATHER2005", "ELTON1996", "ACOU_SAVING_EMPIRE", "NOV_VAL_13"],
    "note": "The chronology does not assign causal scores. Heather's Africa calculations are revenue-to-maintenance equivalents, not observed headcount losses. Novel XIII's one-eighth assessment applies only to Numidia and Mauretania Sitifensis. The 476 endpoint marks the western imperial office, not the end of the eastern Roman state."
  }
]